SWAT模型在漳卫河流域应用研究

Applications of SWAT model in Zhang Wei River Basin

漳卫河流域是海河流域重要组成水系,也是我国北方地区水资源短缺和水环境恶化的典型区域之一。本文基于SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool)构建漳卫河流域分布式水文模型,对模型的几个重要参数进行敏感性分析,总结出其取值变化对模拟结果的影响规律。并应用2000￣2004年的水文气象数据,进行分布式水文过程模拟,将模拟结果与8个行政区划的水资源公报数据进行对比分析。结果显示模拟相对误差在10%以内,能够为水资源管理提供重要参考。研究成果对于SWAT模型在国内的应用和推广,具有很好的示范性。也为海河全流域分布式水文模型的研制奠定了基础。

Zhang Wei River Basin lies on the south of Hai River Basin, and it is one of the typical areas in north china that experiencing water shortage and water environment deterioration. Based on SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool）, Zhang Wei River Basin distributed hydrological model is established. Based on DEM（100m×100m） , considering location of hydrologic stations and four Large reservoirs, Zhang Wei River Basin was delineated into 74 sub basins and 940 Hydrological Response Unit （HRU）. Topographic characteristics of each sub basin including slop and river networks are extracted automatically from DEM. The basic data including DEM, soil data, rainfall, weather data, land use and reservoir out flow data of Zhang Wei River Basin are collected and processed for the model. The soil and land use data are reclassified for the model and the soil physical properties database is created. The distributed hydro-process is simulated by using the hydro meteorological data from 2000 to 2004. SWAT model is calibrated with observed data from six principal hydrologic stations in Zhang Basin and the important parameters sensitivity is analyzed and the laws that changing Wei River some important parameters how to affect model results are discovered. The reliability of the SWAT model is validated by comparing the model outputs with Water Resource Reports. The mean relative error is less than 10%. The study results in this paper make a good demonstration for applying SWAT model in China, and lay a good foundation for establishment of whole Hai River basin distributed hydrological model.