可再生能源产业化国际比较及对我国的建议

International Practice in Renewable Energy Production and Suggestions for China

由于多数可再生能源尚处在开发利用的初级阶段,其经济成本普遍高于现有一次能源,单纯依赖市场机制无法推动可再生能源的产业化。为此,世界许多国家不仅制定了阶段性的具体的产业发展目标,同时采取了强制性与激励性互为补充的政策手段。一方面,制定或修订《可再生能源法》和相关的法律、法规,强制实施一些有助于可再生能源产业发展的政策。另一方面,通过适当的经济激励政策,发挥市场机制的作用,推动可再生能源产业发展。这些经济政策包括:投资补贴、产品补贴和用户补贴等财政补贴政策;对可再生能源减免税费的税收政策;固定价格、浮动价格、配额制市场价格等价格政策;以及低息贷款和信贷担保、出口信贷等金融政策。建议我国采取以下措施推进可再生能源产业化:1)进一步细化可再生能源发展战略;2)完善法规体系,引入新的运行机制;3)加大扶持力度,完善投融资体制;4)建立国家级研发中心,促进产业升级。

With a development cost still higher than the cost of existing nonrenewable energy, most renewable energy cannot be brought to industrial application simply by relying upon market forces. To do a better job in renewable energy development, many countries have set down concrete objectives and corresponding requirements and incentives. National laws on renewable energy and other laws and regulations are enacted or revised to spur renewable energy development. Economic incentives include investment, production and user subsidies, tax exemption or reduction, preferential fixed, floating, and quota pricing, low-interest-rate loans, credit guarantees and export credit. China needs to better define a renewable energy development strategy, improve the legal and operating framework, step up support for renewable energy development, improve the underlying investment and financing system, and build a national renewable-energy R&D center to guide the industry upgrade.