藏传佛教与汉地佛教初传时期的再比较

Re-comparison between Han Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism during their Initial Dissemination Period

以藏文材料和汉文材料为依据,对佛教在藏区与汉地初传时期的传播方式与途径进行比较研究可知,公元7世纪松赞干布建立吐蕃王朝后,将佛教引进了吐蕃,并欲将其作为主流意识形态,但当时吐蕃人信奉本土固有的宗教—苯教,于佛教异常隔膜。在此情势下,松赞干布将计就计,以苯教的思想和仪轨作为传播佛教的理论铺垫和思想基础,吐蕃人通过苯教这个管道和途径,才逐渐接受了佛教思想。汉地佛教初传时期,也经历了这样的过程,当佛教初来咋到时,汉人将佛教看作神仙方术的一种,后来又将佛法和道教的法术相提并论,将佛教哲学和庄子哲学一样看待。这些事实都说明,佛教在两地初传时期,基本上是接着两地的传统思想、宗教、文化讲的,而不是照着印度佛教思想的原本模样讲的。这是印度佛教在汉、藏两地传播的一个共性,或曰规律。

It is possible to know that Buddhism was introduced to Tufan after Songzanganbu established the Tufan dynasty during A.D. 7 centuries through the comparison research of dissemination ways and channels of Han Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism during their initial dissemination period based on Tibetan material and the Chinese writing material. Songzanganbu wanted to take it as the mainstream ideology at that time. But the Tufan people believed in the native inherent religion Ben religion. The belief of Ben religion was unusually contradictory with Buddhism. Under this circumstance, Songzanganbu took Ben religion as the theory base and the thought foundation of Buddhism dissemination. The Tufan people gradually accepted the Buddhism thought through this way. The dissemination of Buddhism to Han nationality area also experienced such process at the beginning. When Buddhism was newly arrived, the Han people regarded Buddhism as one kind of deity alchemy, afterwards Han people regarded the Buddhist doctrine and the Taoism magic arts, the Buddhism philosophy and the Zhuang- zi philosophy equally. These facts all showed that Buddhism was initially preached according to the traditional thought, the religion and the culture in these two places at the beginning but not preached according to the original Indian Buddhism. This is dissemination character, or to say, the rule of the Indian Buddhism in Tibetan and Han area.