古希腊人性观念的三重假设

The Threefold Hypothesis of Ancient Greek Humanity

在古希腊思想史上,有关人性的认识经过了一个发展过程,大体上,依时间先后,形成了神性人、理性人和自由人三重假设。神性人假设存在于荷马时代和古风时代,认为人是神的创造物和实现神意的工具,神性人的本质是感性的人。理性人蕴育于古风时代,盛行于古典时代,认为人的本质是理性,其实是将人的根本归结为城邦政治。自由人盛行于希腊化时期,认为人的本质是精神自由。

In the history of ancient Greek thought, the cognition of humanity experienced a evolving development. It, on the whole, sequentially developed into trilevel hypotheses, the divine man, the rational man and the liberal man. The hypothesis of the divine man in the Dark Ages and the Antique Ages deems that man is the creature by deity and the instrument to realize the deity＇s intention, and the hypostasis of the divine man is sensibihty. The hypothesis of the rational man, which conceived itself in the Antique Ages and prevailed in the Classical Ages, deems that the humanity is ration, which actually attributes the hypostasis of man to the Polls. The hypothesis of the liberal man prevailing in the Hellenistic Ages deems that the hypostasis of man is spiritual liberty.