哈贝马斯科学技术意识形态论探析

Discussion on the View of Habermas'Science and Technology and Ideology

哈贝马斯师承马尔库塞“科学技术即意识形态”的观点,认为其内在根据就在于资本主义现代化过程中理性的片面发展。哈贝马斯的科学技术意识形态论是深刻的,其中的一些观点不仅对于我们认识发达资本主义社会的弊病、认识当代技术文明的某些负效应有积极的借鉴作用,而且提出了一些我们在追求现代化过程中不能不认真思考和对待的问题。但是,由于哈贝马斯的科学技术意识形态论并没有具体而科学地考察当代西方社会的生产方式、政治经济制度是如何制约和影响人们的文化心理结构的,相反,他抛开特定的社会背景,片面强调科学技术对理性影响的消极性,将科学技术说成是一种肯定的、排除批判否定精神的思维方式的帮凶,甚至把科学技术直接等同于意识形态,这在理论上是难以成立的,在实践上也是有害的。

Habermas inherited Marcuse＇s opinion, which called ＂Science and Technology is ideology＂. He recognized its inherent base was the unilateral development of the rationality in the capitalist modernized course. His views are very profound. Some points did not only have the positive functions in the cognition of developed capitalist malpractice and in the cognition of the opposite function of modern technology culture, but also suggested some problems, which we have to cogitate about and solve. But he did not concrete and objectively cogitate about the western mode of production, and did not cogitate how the political economic system restricts and influences the personal cultural psychological system. In the opposite, he rejected the specific social background,and addressed negative influence of science and technology to the rationality unilaterally. He said science and technology help the mode of thinking, which is affirnlative and denies critically negative spirit. He even equated science and technology as ideology. It did not establish in the theory, but also had the harmful influence in practice.