350例人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者的听力表现

The hearing manifestations of 350 patients of AIDS

目的:观察人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的听力表现及与疾病的关系。方法:选择350例经酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法及放射免疫沉淀实验(KIP)确诊HIV阳性患者以GSI-16测听仪进行纯音测听。结果:350例HIV阳性患者中,听力损失者达159例,占45.4%,比同组健康对照组的69例(19.7%)高。159例HIV阳性听力损失者中,包括感音神经性聋56例,传导性聋34例及混合性聋69例。轻度听力损失49例,平均听阈(30±5)dBHL;中度听力损失69例,平均听阈(54±7)dBHL;重度听力损失41例,平均听阈(84±9)dBHL。听力曲线呈上升型44例,下降型37例,岛状或平坦型78例。HIV阳性患者的听力损失以高频听力损失为主[(37±78)∶44,P<0.05],但其严重程度与疾病本身严重程度无关(P>0.05)。结论:HIV感染者多有听力损失且以高频听力损失为主,但其严重程度与疾病本身严重程度无关。

Objective：To asses hearing loss in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） and its relationship with AIDS clinical stage. Method.. Pure-tone audiometry was carried out in 350 HIV-infected patients determined by ELISA and KIP methods. Result： Among 350 HIV positive patients, 45.4% （159 catse） had hearing loss. The incidence was higher than that （69/350, 19.7%） in control group. There were 56 cases of sensorineural hearing loss,34 cases of conductive hearing loss and 69 cases of mixed type. Forty-nine patients suffered mild hearing loss with threshold of （30±5）dBHL on average, 69 cases suffered moderate hearing loss with threshold of （54±7）dBHL and 41 cases suffered severe hearing loss with threshold of （84±9）dBHL. The hearing loss was dominant at high frequencies [（37±78） ： 44, P〈0.05], while it had no relationship with the severity of the AIDS disease itself（ P〉0.05）. Conclusion：The hearing loss was dominant at high frequencies in HIV infected patients,while it may have no relationship with the severity of the AIDS disease itself.