婴幼儿哮喘的危险因素

Risk Factors of Infant Asthma

目的 寻找婴幼儿喘息、儿童哮喘的危险及保护因素。方法 1个月～3岁肺炎患儿82例、毛细支气管炎65例、婴幼儿哮喘76例，107例正常儿童作为对照。采用向家长书面问卷调查方法询问各组婴儿既往病史、家族及个人过敏史、怀孕出生及婴幼儿喂养情况、生活条件等。结果 父母任何一方有喘息史、父母任何一方有其他过敏史、父母任何一方吸烟、湿疹等个人过敏史任何一种、父（母）亲有哮喘史及过敏史、兄弟姐妹有哮喘史及过敏史、个人有过敏性鼻炎、个人有药物过敏、母妊娠期间早孕反应重、母亲是素食者、母亲文化程度低是婴幼儿哮喘的危险因素；而自然分娩、婴幼儿期补充VitD和钙剂、生后冬季户外活动时间长、每天平均睡眠时间长、住所有上下水设备是婴幼儿哮喘的保护因素。结论 个人过敏史和家族过敏史为婴幼儿哮喘的主要危险因素。

Objective To find the risk factors of infant asthma. Methods Seventy - six infants with recurrent wheezing （asthma and wheezing for more than or equal to 2 times）, and 65 infants with bronchiolitis were chosen as wheezing group; 82 infants with pneumonia and 107 normal infant were chosen as control group in this study. Written questionnaires about food feeding, asthma and allergic history of those babies and their family members（i, e. their parent） ,environmental factors and so on were given to those subjects. Results The risk factors of infant asthma were： asthma and allergic histories of parent and sibing, smoke histories of parent, serious morning sickness of mother, vegetarian of mother, lower education background of mother, allergic rhinitis and medical allergic histories of subjects. The protect factors of infant asthma were spontaneous delivery,given VitD during infant period, longer outdoor time during winter, longer sleep time pre - day, bad water pipe and discharge pipe in family houses. Conclusion Just as children asthma, the individual allergic history and family histories are also the risk factors for infant asthma.