1Sorer M, Watterson J D, Wollin T A, et al. Holmium : YAG laser lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi in 598 patients[J]. J Urol, 2002, 167:31-34.
2Hoffman R, Olbert P, Webber J, et al. Clinical experience with a new ultrasound and lithoclast combination for percutaneous litholapaxy[J]. BJU Int, 2002, 90:16
4Chang C P, Huang S H, Tai H L, et al. Oprimal treatment for distal ureteral calculi: extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy[J]. J Endourol,2001, 15: 563-566.
5Pace K T, Weir MJ. Tariq N. et al. Low success rate of repeat shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones after failed initial treatment[J]. J Urol, 2000, 164: 1905.
6Parker B D, Frederick R W. Efficiency And Cost Of Treating Proximal Ureteral Stones: Shock Wave Lithotripsy Versus Ureteroscopy Plus Holmium: Yttrium-a-luminum-garnet Laser[J]. Urology, 2004, 64: 1102-1106.
7El-Anany F G, Hammouda H M, Maghraby H A, et al. Retrograde ureteropyeloscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for large renal calculi[J]. BJU Int, 2001, 88:850-853.
8Bilgasem S, Pace K T, Dyer S, et al. Removal of asymptomatic ipsilateral renal stones following rigid ureteroscopy for ureteral stones[J]. J Endourol, 2003, 17:397-400.
9Tan A H, Al-Omar M, Denstedt J D, et al. Ureteroscopy for pediatric urolithiasis: an evolving first-line therapy[J]. Urology, 2005, 65: 153-156.
10Raza A, Turna B, Smith G, et al. Pediatric urolithiasis: 15 years of local experience with minimally invasive endourological management of pediatric calculi [J]. J Urol, 2005, 174:682-685.
二级参考文献10
1Grasso M,Bagley D.A 7. 5/8. 2 French actively deflectable,flexible ureteroscope: a new device for both diagnostic and therapeutic upper urinary tract endoscopy[].Urology.1994
2Larizgoitia I,Pons JM.A systematic review of the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of the holmium: YAG laser in urology[].Br J Uint.1999
3Johnson DE.Cromeens DM, Price RE.Use of the holmium: YAG laser in urology[].Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.1992
4Denstedt J D,Wollin T A,Sofer M,et al.A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing nonstented versus stented ureteroscopic lithotripsy[].Journal d Urologie.2001
5Sofer M,Watterson JD,Wollin TA,et al.Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for upper urinarytract calculi in 598 patients[].Journal d Urologie.2002
6Wollin TA,Teichman JM,Rogenes VJ,et al.Holmium: YAG lithotripsy in children[].Journal d Urologie.1999
7Teichman JM,Vassar GJ,Bishoff JT,et al.Holmium: YAG lithotripsy yields smaller fragments than lithoclast, pulsed dye laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy[].Journal d Urologie.1998
8Wollin TA,Denstedt JD.The holmium laser in urology[].Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine and Surgery.1998
9Rane A,Cahill D,Larner T,et al.To stent of not to stent? that is still the question[].Journal of Endourology.2000
10Teichman JM,Vasser GJ,Glickman RD,et al.Holmium: YAG lithotripsy: photothermal mechanism converts uric acid to cyanide[].Journal d Urologie.1998
