微流控器件-质谱联用接口技术研究进展与应用

The Development and Applications of Microfluid Devices Interfacing to Mass Spectrometry for Biochemical Analyses

生物分析是生命科学研究中的重要环节,分析仪器的小型化是提高生物分析灵敏度、速度、通量和降低成本的有效途径之一.微流控技术能够方便地操纵微量样品,具有集成度高、样品耗量小、污染少等诸多其他常量流控技术难以具备的优点,适用于进行多通道样品处理和高通量分析.除广泛采用的光学和电化学检测手段外,质谱也被用作这些微流控器件的检测器,并逐渐形成了微流控器件-质谱联用技术专门研究领域,进一步促进了自动化程度好、灵敏度高、特异性强的高通量生物分析方法的迅速发展.在大量调研国内外文献的基础上,对微流控器件-质谱联用领域的研究背景和现状进行了综述,不但介绍了微流控器件的制造技术还着重介绍了微流控器件-质谱联用技术在蛋白质组学等生物质谱分析方面的应用和新近进展,评述了可能的发展趋势.

Miniaturization of analytical instrument is one way of addressing the issues of sensitivity, measurement speed, throughput and cost of analysis in biology analysis. Microfluidic devices can be used to manipulate the microscale sample expediently, and have many advantages including minimum sample consumption and minimum cross contaminant, which are typical problems in other conventional standard fluidic devices. The highly integrated microfluidic devices were suitable for high-density, parallel sample processing, and high-throughput analyses with extremely high duty cycles. Besides the optical spectroscopic measurement and electrochemical detection, mass spectrometry has been coupled to microfluidic devices as detector, resulting in rapid analysis of complex biological samples with high throughput and confidence. Microfluidic devices utilizing chromatographic or capillary electrophoresis separation techniques are under fast development, showing a predominant trend in modem analytical science. After giving a brief introduction to background of the microfluidic devices and fabrication techniques, documenting the technologies and applications of microfluidic mass spectrometry for the analysis of biological samples and emphasizing on the emergence of interfaces coupling microfluidic devices to various mass spectrometers for applications in proteomics, metabolomics and other biotechnology areas are reviewed.