铜离子诱发■鲦鱼红细胞微核及核异常的研究

Study on Micronuclei and Nuclear Abnormalities Induced by Cu^(2+) in Hemiculter leucisculus Erythrocytes

目的通过■鲦鱼红细胞研究铜离子的遗传毒性,寻找对诱变物敏感的鱼类。方法选择120尾■鲦鱼,随机分为8组,每组15尾,分别用Cu2+浓度为0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.16、0.32、0.64、1.28mg/L的CuSO4溶液染毒,染毒在同一规格的塑料箱内进行。对照组以纯净水饲养。每一浓度组在6、12、24、48h时随机取鱼3尾(0.64mg/L组每次处理2尾),用纱布将鱼体表水分擦干。断尾取血,涂片,观察不同浓度、不同染毒时间铜离子对■鲦鱼红细胞微核及核异常的影响。结果各染毒组■鲦鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在12、24h时,在一定浓度(0.01～0.16mg/L)范围内■鲦鱼红细胞微核率与铜离子浓度成正相关,但当浓度过高(0.32、0.64mg/L)时,微核率反而降低。当铜离子浓度较低(0.01～0.08mg/L)时,微核率随染毒时间的延长而升高。结论■鲦鱼对诱变物敏感,可以作为微核实验的良好材料来检测诱变物的遗传毒性。

Objective The genetic toxicity of copper was studied in Hemiculter leucisculus erythrocytes to find the sensitive fishes for mutagens. Methods Cu^2＋ was used as the mutagen and H. leucisculus as the testee. 120 H. leucisculus were randomly divided into 8 groups, treated with Cu^2＋ at the concentration of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64 and 1.28 mg/L respectively. Results Compared with the control, the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes in the Cu^2＋ treated groups significantly increased （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. When the treatment time were 12 and 24 h, at the concentrations of 0.01-0.16 mg/L, the amount of micronuclei erythrocytes showed a positive dosage-dependent relationship, however, when the concentrations were at 0.32, 0.64 mg/L, a negative dosage-dependent relationship appeared. Significant correlation between the micronuclei rate and the treatment time was observed at the range of lower copper concentrations （0.01-0.08 mg/L）. Conclusion H.leucisculus is sensitive to the mutagen and suitable for test of genetic toxicity of environmental pollutants.