我国环境中镉、铅、砷污染及其对暴露人群健康影响的研究进展

Environmental Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic Pollution and Health Impact-Research Progress in China

该文对我国环境有色金属镉、铅、砷污染及其对暴露人群健康影响的流行病学研究进展进行了综述。研究认为有色金属镉、铅、砷对人体有毒害作用;有色金属矿山的开采和冶炼是环境镉、铅、砷污染的主要来源;污染物进入环境后,产生水污染、大气污染、土壤污染和生物污染,继而危害暴露人群的身体健康,产生一系列急性和慢性病症。但环境有色金属镉、铅、砷污染与暴露人群肿瘤等相关疾病的相关性以及对人体健康产生影响的累积暴露量需进一步进行调查和研究;通过危害认定、剂量-反应关系评定、暴露评价和危险度特性描述对该类环境污染健康影响作出危险度评价应是今后研究的重点。

The studies on environmental cadmium （Cd）, population in China were reviewed in the present paper. lead （Pb）, arsenic （As） pollution and health impact on exposure The related reports said the main pollution sources of serious environmental Cd, Pb and As pollution in China were mining and smelting of nonferrous metals, these pollutants were discharged into the environment and caused the pollution of water, atmosphere, soil and biological species and caused a series of acute and chronic diseases in the exposed people, but the relationship between malignant tumors and environmental cadmium, lead, arsenic pollution is not well understood up to now. The researches should focus on the assessment of environmental pollution and health impact through the effect identification, dose-effect assessment, exposure evaluation and description of risk characteristic.