公众参与科技决策的过程组织与方法效能

Study on the Process Organization and Method Efficiency of the Public's Participating in S&T Decision-making

长久以来,科技决策一直是个专家统治的领域,不具备专门知识的公众,被认为无法了解科学的技术复杂性而被排除在政策参与过程之外。然而随着大科学时代的到来,科学技术发展所带来的效应直接进入社会生活领域“,科技民主”的理念打破了“专家”与“普通大众”之间的界限,认为,专家的意见只是社会总体决策的参考,公众应当具有参与科技决策的权力;公众参与技术评价方法被认为是针对现代社会中不确定、不平等问题的一种新的互动式解决途径;公众参与技术评价与决策在很多国家已经成为一种趋势;公众参与式技术评价被看作是在对现代技术风险管理过程中重新构建信任的一种方式。对公众参与科技决策的特征、方法与过程进行了研究。

For a long time, S&T decision-making has been dominated by experts and the public without expertise knowledge can not participate in the process of decision-making because the complex of modern S&T is beyond of them. However, with the coming of Big Science era, the effects of S&T development directly influence the whole society; the emergence of 'Science and Technology Democracy' has broken the boundary between experts and laymen. Based on the viewpoint, the public have the right to participate in S&T decision-making and the advice of experts would be the reference to social decision-making. Public participation in S&T assessment and policy-making has become an important trend in many countries and public participatory technology assessment has been considered as a means for reconstructing trust in risk management with modern technologies and an interactive solution to the uncertainty and inequality in modern society. The paper analyzes the process organization and method efficiency of this kind of technology assessment.