热驯化对鼎突多刺蚁热适应和运动行为的影响

The effect of thermal acclimation on thermal adaptation and locomotor performance of ant,Polyrhachis vicina Roger

为比较恒温和变温驯化对鼎突多刺蚁（Polyrhachis vicina Roger）热适应和运动行为的影响,将鼎突多翅蚁分别在15℃恒温和13.4～21.6℃变温下进行驯化,定量分析两种驯化温度对鼎突多翅蚁热适应和运动行为的影响.结果表明,恒温和变温驯化对鼎突多刺蚁的最适温度、逃避高温、运动中的停顿频率、疾跑速度、最大持续运动距离均有显著影响（p＜0.01）,而对逃避低温的影响不显著（p=0.343）;变温驯化后鼎突多刺蚁的最适温度仅有一个峰值,这不符合最适性模型的预测;恒温和变温驯化下鼎突多刺蚁的疾跑速度与最大持续运动距离都呈显著的正相关（分别为p=0.017和p＜0.001）,且经过变温驯化的鼎突多刺蚁的运动能力明显强于恒温驯化下个体的运动能力.

To evaluate the effect of thermal acclimation on thermal adaptation and locomotor performance of ant Polyrrhachis vicina Roger, and to test optimality models, the subjects were divided into two groups, acclimated respectively to 15℃ and 13.4 ～ 21.6℃ under a 14L： 10D dark-light cycle for 2 weeks. Preferred temperature, critical high temperature, critical low temperature were measured using a thermal gradient apparatus. Pause frequency, sprint speed and maximum length of continuous locomotion were selected as the locomotor parameters of Polyrhachis vicina Roger. The temperature range selected by the ant acclimated to constant temperature is from 19.2 ～ 35.2℃, the highest peak of which is 23.2 ～ 27.2 ℃ ; the preferred temperature of the subject individuals acclimated to constant temperature is （26.39 ± 0.41）℃, The temperature range selected by the ant acclimated to variable temperature is from 21.2 ～ 35.2℃, the highest peak of which is 27.2 ～ 31.2℃ ; the preferred temperature of the subject individuals acclimated to variable temperature is （28.70 ± 0.42）℃ . One-way ANOVA showed that the preferred temperature of the ants was significantly influenced by both constant temperature and variable temperature （ F1.50 = 15.70, p 〈 0.001 ）. Critical high temperature of individuals acclimated to constant temperature is （43.48 ± 0.39）℃, while the critical high temperature （CHT） of individuals acclimated to variable temperature is （41.22 ± 0.35）℃ ; Critical low temperature （CLT） of individuals acclimated to constant temperature is （4.55 ± 0.26）℃, while the critical low temperature of individuals acclimated to variable temperature is （4.83 ± 0.14）℃ . One-way ANOVA showed that there is significant difference between the CHT of the ants acclimated to constant temperature and the CHT of the ants acclimated to variable temperature （ F1. 22 = 17.40, p 〈 0.01 ）. There is significant difference between pauce frequency （PF） of individuals acclimated to constant temperature and PF of individuals acclimated to variable temperature （F1.15 = 78.29, p 〈 0.001） ; There is significant difference between sprint speed （SS） of individuals acclimated to constant temperature and SS of individuals acclimated to variable temperature （ F1.15 = 53.12, p 〈 0.001） ; There is significant difference between maximum length of continuous locomotion （MLCL） of individuals acclimated to constant temperature and MLCL of individuals acclimated to variable temperature （F1.15= 155.09, p 〈 0.001）. Partial correlation analysis showed that there is significant positive correlation between the SS and MLCL of ants acclimated to constant temperature （ r = 0.63, df = 12, p = 0. 017） and very significant positive correlation between the SS and MLCL of ants acclimated to variable temperature （r = 0.81, df= 12, p 〈 0.001）.The results that the preferred temperature of the animals acclimated to variable temperature didn＇t meet the prediction of optimality models. It could be concluded that the thermal adaptation and locomotor performance of this species are significantly influenced by thermal acclimation and that the results doesn＇t support the optimality models.