我国苹果种质资源研究现状与展望

Advances and prospect in research on apple germplasm resources in China

简要介绍了近几年国内外苹果生产及贸易现状,并概述了我国4个苹果种质资源圃的建设情况和苹果属植物资源收集、保存工作。从农艺性状、品质性状、矮化性和无融合生殖等方面对苹果种质资源进行了系统的鉴定评价,并利用现代计算机技术,对501份苹果种质资源的性状鉴定和评价数据进行规范化处理,建成苹果种质资源信息数据库。目前苹果种质资源创新及利用主要体现在苹果新品种、矮化砧的选育和苹果无融合生殖利用3个主要方面,并提出今后我国苹果种质资源研究的重点和方向。

Based on the analysis of the status of apple trade and production, and the construction of 4 apple germplasm resources repositories in China , the advances in research on the collection and conservation of Ma/us Mill. resources are summarized. The techniques for apple germplasm resources identification and evaluation are described, which include the identification and evaluation of agronomic and quality characteristics, dwarfing characteristics, apomictic capacity and so on. The data of the identification and evaluation for 501 accessions of apple germplasm resources have been processed with modern computer techniques, and mutually informative databases of apple germplasm resources have been established. At present the creation and use of apple germplasm resources are embodied in three major respects, such as breeding of new apple cultivars, new dwarfing rootstocks and utilization of apomixis of species in Ma/us Mill. The programs and emphasis of research on apple germplasm resources in China are suggested.