大洋多金属结核资源开发的回顾与展望

A REVIEW AND PROSPECTS OF EXPLOITATION OF DEEP SEABED MULTIMETALLIC NODULES

在世界大洋海底表层，蕴藏着极其丰富的多金属结核资源，其中含有Cu、Co、Ni、Mn等多金属元素，是人类的远景资源。本文介绍了《联合国海洋法公约》中有关国际海底开发制度，总结了30年来世界大洋结核资源的开发现状和中国“八五”期间所取得的成果，指出只有在结核金属价格行情看好，大洋采矿设备具有足够的可靠性时，结核开采才具有竞争力。

Multimetallic nodules are abundant at deep seabeds in the world. Elernents contained in thesenodules include Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, etc., which serve as future resources for the mankind. This paper dealswith the regimes governing the exploitation of international seabeds, embodied in the United Nations Convention of Laws, summarizes the art of the state of exploitation of nodules at seabeds across the world overthe past three decades and research accomplishments of China over the eighth Five-Year-Plan period. It isconducted that the nodules can only be exploited in a competitive way when the nodule metals competefavourably in prices and the deep seabed mining system offers adequate reliabllity.