免耕覆盖对春小麦灌浆期干物质积累特性及最终产量的影响

The effect of no-tillage with stubble on the dynamic change of dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat during grain filling

以常规耕作处理作对照,研究了免耕覆盖下春小麦灌浆期间干物质积累分配特性和产量变化,结果表明,高、低秸秆覆盖量下春小麦灌浆期间干物质积累量比常规耕作分别高16.1%、9.8%,免耕秸秆覆盖为春小麦籽粒和产量形成提供了更充足的物质来源;与常规耕作比,免耕覆盖处理的春小麦在花后21-28 d时干物质积累量有个快速增加阶段;在干物质的运转分配中,免耕覆盖对春小麦灌浆期积累的干物质在各个器官间的分配比例影响较小。相对于常规耕作而言,免耕秸秆覆盖处理提高了春小麦产量,其产量的增加主要依赖于花前光合产物的积累,对花后光合产物调用较少。低覆盖量下春小麦较常规耕作增产11.68%,高量覆盖较常规增产18.52%。

In comparison with the conventional tillage, the dynamic change of dry matter accumulation, partition and yield of spring wheat during grain filling were studied in this paper. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation amount with high mulching and low mulching is higher than that of the conventional tillage by 16.1% and 9.8 %, respectively. So the no-tillage with stubble provided sufficient dry matter resource for increasing grain weight and forming yield; compared with the conventional tillage, the dry matter accumulation amount had a linear phase between 21 and 28 days after anthesis; the effect of no-tillage with stubble on the portion rate in each organs is smaller in the process of translation and partition. Compared with the conventional tillage, the no-tillage with stubble enhanced grain yield mainly due to the accumulation of photosynthate before anthesis and little photosynthate after anthesis. The yield with the low mulching treatment and with the high mulching treatment is 11.68 %, 18.52 % higher than that with the conventional tillage, respectively.