气候变暖对陇东南地区苹果座果率的影响

Influence of climate warming on apple fruit setting ratio and countermeasures in suitable growing area of the southeast Gansu

依据该区20世纪80年代中后期以来苹果花果期气象条件与座果率资料,综合研究分析二者之间的关系,得出气候变暖对该区苹果落花落果的主要影响因子是花期高温、花果期时段性低温和干燥气候危害.该区适宜苹果座果的花期最适温度指标为14.0～21.0℃.盛花后1～2、1～3、1～4 d日平均最高气温分别在29.0、27.0、26.0℃或以上,10 d内日平均最低气温5.0℃或以下,大气平均相对湿度56%或以下时,均可造成孕花质量下降或不孕.

The meteorological conditions in apple flowering and fruit phase and fruit setting ratio data since the middle 1980＇s as well as the influence of climate warming on apple flower and fruit dropping were analyzed.The results showed that the main temperature during flowering and influencing factors were high temperature during flowering phase, interval low fruit phase and dry climate. In this region the most suitable temperature of the flowering phase to fruit setting was 14.0-21.0℃. After full blossom, if the daily average highest temperature of 1-2 d.1-3 d.1-4 d exceeded 29.0℃ .27.0℃ .26.0℃, respectively, the daily average lowest temperature was below 5.0℃, and the air relative humidity was below 56%, quality debasement of pregnant flower and sterility would happen. Finally, the comprehensive countermeasure was put forward.