宪法、民主与国家——哈耶克宪法理论中的几个问题

Constitution, Democracy and State——Several Problems in Hayek's Constitutional Theory

哈耶克的宪法理论触及法治、民主与国家诸多方面的重大问题,他认为民主政治和国家政治都能够而且应该化约为法律之治,其揭示的宪法新模式即三权五层的构架结构可以解决现代社会的一系列重大问题,具有突出的原创性价值,但其观点中也存在着一些误区和盲点。按照哈耶克的制度设置果真能够解决现代社会的积弊吗?其国家主权的观点是需要质疑的。同时,哈耶克的宪法理论及其内在的问题对于正在建设社会主义法治国家的中国来说具有一定的启发意义,它们有助于我们更审慎、合理地吸取西方理论家们的思想资源。

Hayek＇s constitutional theory deals with such major problems as rule of law, democracy, and state. Some of his views are original contributions, whereas others contain a few wrong ideas and blind spots. First, this paper gives a systematic analysis of the structure of ＂three powers and five levels＂ in Hayek＇s new constitutional mode, and then points out its original theoretical value. After that his view of state sovereignty is doubted. The author thinks Hayek＇s constitutional theory and its internal difficulty will be instructive for China＇s on-going construction of socialist rule of law, which will help us absorb thoughts of western theoreticians more deliberately and rationally.