自由论的游戏理论:从自为论与和谐论到自足论

The Theory of Playing Based on Freedom View:from a Theory for Itself and of Harmony to a Self-sufficient Theory

康德、胡伊青加和席勒的游戏理论是最有代表性的自由论游戏理论。康德的游戏观可表达为:游戏是内在目的并因而在自为的意义上自由的生命活动。胡伊青加的游戏观可表达为:游戏是生命体以活动自身为内在目的因而自愿进行从而在自愿的意义上自由的生命活动。席勒的游戏观可表达为:审美游戏是兼具感性与理性的人以自身两种本性内在和谐的方式进行的因而具有整体性的审美自由的生命活动。以往的自由论游戏理论或只是从目的方面解释游戏的自由及其原因或只是解释了某种特定游戏的自由及其原因,它们都还不够完善。笔者主张:游戏的自由是生命活动整体上的即目的与手段两方面的自由,其原因是生命活动的目的与手段的双重内在性即自足性。用自足论的眼光看:游戏性即自足性;游戏是自足因而整体自由的生命活动。自足论的游戏论在更广的视野和更深的层次上包容而又超越了以往的自由论游戏理论,是一种更完善也更具普遍性的自由论游戏理论。

The most representative theories of playing are those of Kants,Schilers and Huizingas.Kants view on playing can be expressed as the following:playing is a kind of activities which is free for its internal purpose.Huizingas one is that,playing is a kind of life activities in which people take activities as their internal purpose,and therefore are willing and free.Schilers main point on playing can be expressed as that,aesthetic playing is a life activity of human who has both sensibility and reason that goes along with human internal harmony in nature and holistic aesthetic freedom.The agone theories based on the theory of freedom either interpreted the freedom of playing only from the aspect of purpose or interpreted only the holistic freedom of some specific playing,and as a result,they all are not perfect.In my view,the freedom of playing is that of life activity on whole that exists simultaneously in both purpose and means.And its cause is the double internalities in both purpose and means of life activity,namely,self-satisfaction.Viewed from a sight of self-satisfaction theory,the playfulness is just of self-satisfaction,and therefore,playing is a kind of life activities that is holistically free because of its self-satisfaction.The theory of playing based on self-satisfaction includes and surpasses the agone playing theories based on freedom,and therefore,is an improved theory of playing based on a concept of freedom.