大坝工作性态模糊可拓评估的基本原理

Mechanism of dam behavior assessment with fuzzy extension theory

大坝、坝基地质体与周围环境组成一个多元复杂系统,其工作性态受地质因素和工程因素等的综合影响,这些因素有的是确定性的,但有的则具有随机性、模糊性、可变性等不确定性特点。大坝工作性态的综合评估是一个复杂的工程系统决策问题,它常常表现出目标与目标之间的矛盾、定性信息与定量信息的共存、局部到整体的递推。解决这类多属性、不相容的问题,应采用定性与定量综合集成的方法加以解决,而可拓学正是研究事物的可拓性以及开拓的规律与方法,用以解决矛盾问题的一门学科。采用物元的概念将研究对象、评估指标和量值结合为一体;基于系统工程的观点,依据菱形思维模式和物元的可拓性,建立了多指标分层次的大坝工作性态评估信息物元系统,提出了大坝工作性态模糊可拓评估的基本流程;应用物元变换建立了用于大坝工作性态评估的物元模型,能够实现对大坝工作性态的质与量综合刻画。该方法理论清晰、简捷,便于计算机编程。所述原理亦可应用于岩体边坡整体评估、岩体质量评估、大坝老化评估等其他领域。

Dam body, dam foundation and surrounding environment constitute a complicated system, Dam behavior is influenced by geological factors and engineering factors. Some of above factors are determinate, others are stochastic, fuzzy and alterable. It is a decision-making problem of engineering system to assess dam behavior. Qualitative knowledge and quantitative data need to be integrated. Quantitative change and qualitative change all need be reflected in the assessment results of dam behavior. The behavior of whole dam system need also be assessed by combination of different items. A method integrating quantitative and qualitative information need be used to assess dam behavior. Extension theory is used generally to solve the inconsistent problems. A matter element consisted of research object, evaluation index, normalized value. According to rhombic thinking mode and the extension of matter element, the multi-index and hierarchical system of dam behavior evaluation was built. Matter-element model was constructed to assess dam behavior by matter-element transform. Three-dimensional evaluation for the behavior of whole dam system can be implemented by quantitative, qualitative description and their change with time. The proposed principle is also used to assess the global stability of rock slope, rock quality and dam aging.