龙葵全草皂苷类化学成分研究

Steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum

目的研究龙葵Solanum nigrum全草的皂苷类化学成分。方法采用硅胶、反相ODS开放柱色谱及反相HPLC等手段分离化合物,运用波谱技术分析确定化学结构。结果龙葵全草60%乙醇提取物经D-101大孔树脂柱吸附,获得的60%乙醇洗脱部分再经分离得到8个化合物。利用理化及波谱分析确定这些化合物结构分别为uttroside B(Ⅰ)、uttroside A(Ⅱ)、22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-Δ5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅲ)、22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-呋甾-Δ5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅳ)、5α,22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅴ)、5α,22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅵ)、dumoside(Ⅶ)、5α,20S-3β,16β-二醇-孕甾-22-羧酸-(22,16)-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅷ)。结论化合物Ⅲ～Ⅷ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

Objective To study the steroidal glycosides from the whole herb of Solamum nigrum. Methods Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅷ were isolated by silica gel, ODS chromatographies, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectral technique. Results Eight compounds were isolated from the whole herb of S. nigrum. Their structures were identified as： uttroside B （ Ⅰ ）, uttroside A （ Ⅱ ）, 22α, 25R-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-furost-△^5- 3β, 26-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- （1 → 2 ）-O-[β-D-oxylopyranosyl- （1-,-3）-]-O-β-D-glueopyranosyl- （1→4）-O-β-D-glueopyranoside （Ⅱ ）, 22α, 25R-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxy-furost-△^5-3β, 26-diol-3-O-β-D-glueopyranosyl- （ 1 → 2 ）-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl- （1→ 3）-]-O-β-D-glueopyranosyl- （1→4）-O-β-D-galactopyranoside （ I7 ）, 5α, 22α, 25R-26-O-β-D-glueopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-furost- 3β, 26-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- （1→ 2 ）-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- （ 1→ 3） 3-O-[β-D-glueopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-O-β-D-galaetopyranoside （ V ）, 5α, 22α, 25R-26-O-β-D-glueopyranosyl-22- methoxy-furost-3β, 26-dioi-3-O-β-D-glueopyranosyl-（ 1 → 2 ）-O-[β-D-glueopyranosyl-（ 1 → 3 ）-]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→4）-O-β-D-Drgalactopyranoside （Ⅵ）, dumoside（Ⅶ）, 5α, 20S-3β, 16β-dihydroxy pregn-22- carboxylic acid （22, 16）-lactone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl （1→2）-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1→3）]--O-β-D-glueopyranosyl- （1→4）-O-β-D-galactopyranoside （Ⅶ）. Conclusion Compounds Ⅱ-Ⅷ are isolated from the plants of Solanurn L. for the first time.