水稻超高产经营模式下土壤微生物学特性的研究

Study on Soil Microbial Characteristics and Enzyme Activities in Super-high-yield Rice Cultivating Practice

为了从土壤微生物学特性的角度初步揭示水稻超高产栽培模式的高产机理,对福建省尤溪县超高产示范田的土壤微生物学特性和酶活性进行研究。结果表明,超高产栽培模式和常规栽培模式相比较,前者的水稻田土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌种群数量均获得较高水平。尤以10月11日(烤田之后)取样的差异最为明显,分别比cK高出5.65、4.96、3.13、15.6倍。而且氨化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌分别高56.7、10.90、4.23、7.02倍。土壤酶活性总体差异显著,其中差异明显的是蛋白酶和脲酶。说明超高产栽培模式更加有利于改善土壤通气性,增加稻田土壤微生物数量和提高微生物学活性。

The soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities of super-high-yield demonstration fields in Fujian Youxi County were analysed, aiming to explore the high-yield mechanism of rice superhigh-yield cultivating method from the perspective of soil microbiology. The results showed that the field in super-high-yield cultivating practice had higher levels of community numbers of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and azotobacteria compared to the field under conventional cultivating method. The community numbers of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and azotobacteria in the soil sampled on 11, oct （11/ 10, after drying period） were 5.65, 4.96, 3.13 and 15.6 times higher than those of cK. And the community numbers of ammonifying bacteria, aerobic azotobacter, aerobic cellulose degradation bacteria and anaerobic cellulose degradation bacteria were 56.7, 10.90, 4.23 and 7.02 times higher than those of cK. The overall differences of soil enzyme activities were significant, of which the proteinase and urease were the most significant. The results indicated that the super-high-yield cultivating method could improve soil aerating conditions, increase the size of soil microbial population and its activity.