伦理实体的诸形态及其内在的伦理—道德悖论

The Various States of the Ethical Entity and Their Ethical-Moral Dilemma

伦理实体是黑格尔在《精神现象学》和《法哲学原理》中提出并充分阐发的重要概念。在黑格尔道德哲学体系中,伦理实体是由家庭———市民社会———国家诸形态构成的辩证发展的体系。家庭是直接的或自然的伦理实体;市民社会是过渡的和否定性的伦理实体;国家是复归的和否定之否定的伦理实体。在伦理实体的这三个结构中,都存在着由“伦理的实体”蜕变为“不道德的个体”的可能与危险。伦理实体的概念与现实中存在的伦理—道德悖论,要求进行道德哲学的转向,由对个体伦理、个体道德的关注,进展到对实体伦理、实体道德的追究,建立以个体伦理—实体伦理为二维坐标的道德哲学体系和伦理精神体系。

Ethical entity is an essential concept put forward and elaborated by Hegel in his books, The Philosophy of Rights and The Phenomenology of Spirit. ]in Hegel＇s theory of moral philosophy, ethical entity is a system of dialectical development, that is, the evolution from the stage of family, the stage of civil society, to the stage of state. The stage of family is the direct or natural entity, the stage of civil society is transitional and negative, and the state is restorative and the negation of the negative. In each stage lie the possibility and risk of degeneration of ethical entity into immoral individual. The concept of ethical entity and the ethical-moral dilemma require a direction change in moral philosophy research, i.e. a change from the concern of individual ethics and morality to the exploration of the ethics and morality of the ethical entity, in order to build up a coordinate system of individual morality and organizational ethics in moral philosophy and the theory of ethical spirit.