产权视角下的灌区水资源配置研究

Water Resources Allocation in Irrigated Regions from the View of Property Rights

本文构建了灌区水资源配置的产权激励效应分析模型,并运用模型论证了农业水资源产权制度安排适当与否决定着灌区农业水资源配置的有效性。水权主体明确、水权明晰并得以良好执行的水权制度安排,将引导灌区在效用最大化原则下自觉优化水资源配置行为,提高用水效率。而不适当的水权安排将导致粗放生产和低效率用水。从而有效解释了中国农业水资源短缺与低效率利用现象并存的根源是农业水资源产权安排对灌区未能产生有效的激励和利益约束。因此,农业水资源可持续利用的关键在于明晰水权、明确产权主体和实行有规制的水权交易。

Aiming at the severe s pointed that the setting of water hortage and low using efficiency of agricultural water resources, the paper resources property rights system in irrigated district is one of the main factors influencing significantly efficiency of agricultural water resources use. The analysis showed that the main reasons causing the existing problems in agriculture are the overuse of the water resources, the water utilization efficiency in irrigation system is less than 0.45, the value of water resources is not realized completely. Therefore, the paper constructed an incentive effect analyzing model about water resources allocating property fight in irrigated districts, and confirmed whether agricultural water resources property rights properly arranged determines the water allocation effectiveness in irrigated districts. The clarity of owner of water property rights, the clear water rights and the implementation of the water resources property right system will lead irrigated districts to optimize consciously the allocation of water resources in the utility maximization principle, to improve efficiency of water use. Otherwise, the fuzzy water resources rights and the management rights will lead to extensive production and inefficient use of water. Further more, the paper also explained effectively that the property arrangements to irrigation areas did not yield effective incentive and restraint interests is the reason of China＇ s agricultural water resources shortages and inefficient use of water in agriculture. Therefore, sustainable agricultural water resources utilization is determined by the clarity of water rights, definite owner of water property rights, market status of water using organization, and trading in a regulatory water property rights system.