海南岛河流水体纳污分析

Analyzing Pollutant Taking Capacity of Rivers in Hainan

海南岛有大小河流154条,纳污主要来自四大源头:城镇生活污水排放、工业污染源、畜禽养殖污染源、面源(面排放污染源)。2002年海南岛各河流容纳主要污染物的量分别为COD量75 345t、无机氮10 946t、磷酸盐2 477t;河流(河段)纳污量最大的污染源是城镇生活污水排放,COD、无机氮、磷酸盐分别占全岛河流纳污总量的44.89%、45.04%、46.14%。海南岛河流全年监测值中出现超过Ⅲ类水质标准的河段主要是COD、氮的影响,湖库则主要受COD及氮、磷影响;河口水质受氮的影响较大,城市河段主要受氮、磷的污染;城镇生活污水、生活垃圾以及农业面源污染是影响流域水质的主因。

Hainan island, locate in E108°37′-111°03′, N18°10′-20°10′ and with a land area of 34 100 km2, has 154 rivers. The main sources of pollutants into rivers are from urban household sewage, industrial wastewater discharge, domestic animal raising and agricultural production. In 2002 year, the average amount of pollutants taking by each river is： 75 345 ton of COD, 10 946 ton of inorganic nitrogen, 2 477 ton of phosphate. The urban household sewage discharge is the most important contributor to River contamination among other sources, which contributing 46.14 percent of COD, 45.04 percent of inorganic nitrogen and 44.89 percent of phosphate. For water body contamination exceeding grade Ⅲ standard, COD and inorganic nitrogen mainly contribute to river pollution; COD, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate contribute to lake pollution. Water quality of river along cities is mainly affected by inorganic nitrogen and phosphate. Urban household sewage discharge, household solid waste discharge and agricultural production are the dominant factors contributing to river pollution.