语篇目的与人际意义的体现

Discourse Purpose and the Realization of Interpersonal Meaning

功能语言学认为语言具有概念、人际、语篇三大功能,其中人际功能关注的是篇章作者和篇章意图中的读者互动(interaction)、商榷(negotiation)和取得一致(solidarity)。人们普遍认为,语类不同人际意义的体现方式也不同。但究竟是语类中的什么因素导致这种差异呢?本文提出了语篇目的是决定人际意义体现的主要因素这一观点,因为人际意义的体现形式最终是为语篇目的服务的。论文还通过对总统竞选电视辩论会上的发言、广告、新闻等不同语类的分析和新闻语类中不同语篇的分析来证明这一观点。

Functional grammar holds that language performs three metafunctions-ideational, interpersonal and textual functions in society. Interpersonal function is concerned with the interaction, negotiation and solidarity between the author and the reader. It is generally acknowledged that different genres differ in the realization forms of the interpersonal meaning, but what specific factor in genre causes the differences？ This paper proposes that the specific purpose of the text is the major factor which determines the realization forms since the realization forms of interpersonal meaning serves the discourse purpose. This idea is proved through the analysis of three different genres-a presidential election speech on TV, an advertisement and a newspaper item and further proved by comparing two broadcast news items with slightly different discourse purposes.