海水养殖废水灌溉条件下SPAC系统中水盐肥通量研究

STUDY ON FLUXES OF WATER,SALTS AND NUTRIENTS IN SOIL-PLANT-ATMOSPHERE CONTINUUM UNDER IRRIGATION WITH SALINE AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER

2004年4月～10月，在半湿润的莱州地区布置蒸渗试验，研究海水养殖废水灌溉条件下SPAC系统水盐肥通量。试验设5个处理，分别为CK（种作物，不灌溉）和淋洗分额（LF）为0．1、0．2、0．3、0．4的海水养殖废水灌溉处理。结果表明：对于淋洗分额为0．1、0．2、0．3、0．4的海水灌溉处理，用于土壤蒸发和作物蒸腾的海水养殖废水量分别占菊芋生育期总蒸散量的36．5％、36．2％、37．0％、37．3％；对于上述海水养殖废水灌溉处理，土壤耕层的盐分积累量分别为91．1、94．1、98．7、107．1g；而铵态氮的积累量分别为2．00、2．29、2．27、2．82mg，硝态氮的积累量分别为1．81、1．40、1．29、0．92mg，活性磷酸盐的积累量分别为3．03、2．68、2．44、1.67mg。因此，认为海水养殖废水灌溉在供给作物水分和养分方面起到积极作用，但需采取调控措施以防耕层土壤盐分过量积累。

During April to October 2004, a lysimeter experiment was conducted in Laizhou region to study the fluxes of water, salts and nutrients in a Soil-Plant-Atmosphere continuum （SPAC） under irrigation with saline aquaculture wastewater. The experiment was designed to have five treatments： CK （plant without irrigation） and four treatments of irrigation with Leaching Fraction （LF） being 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. Results show that in 4 treatments （LF = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4）, the irrigated water lost through evaporation from the soil and transpiration from the plants accounted for 36.5 %, 36.2%, 37.0% and 37.3 % , respectively, of the total evapotranspirafion （ETc） of Jerusalem artichoke throughout its growing season, the accumulation of salt reached 91.1, 94.1, 98.7 and 107.1 g, ammonium nitrogen 2.00, 2.29, 2.27 and 2.82 mg, nitrate nitrogen 1.81, 1.40, 1.29 and 0.92 mg and reactive phosphate 3.03, 2.68, 2.44 and 1.67 mg, respectively in the root zone. In conclusion, irrigation with saline aquaculture wastewater may play an important role in applying Jerusalem artichoke with water and nutrients unless positive measures are taken to control the negative impact of over accumulation of salt.