清代江西诬扳漕运军丁讼案浅析——以《康熙四十五年诬扳军案集录一本永远存据》为例

An Analysis of False Accusations of the Canal Transport Servicemen in Jiangxi Province In Qing Dynasty Taking The Evidential Records of the False Accusation of Canal Transportation Case in 1706 as an Example

清代漕运军丁是由明代卫所军户演变而来,原有卫所屯田的屯丁成为赡运漕粮的军丁。由于漕运军丁担负的造运漕船之责不仅耗费甚巨,而且兑漕任务艰辛危险,军丁避之若虎,因而军丁隐匿逃避,互相推诿,甚至诬扳民人为军丁的案件时有发生。本文通过对清代康熙年间发生在江西吉水县的诬扳军控案进行个案分析,由此探寻诬扳漕运军丁身份纠纷背后的社会经济根源,进而剖析诉讼展开过程中官方考量与民间诉求的互动关系。

Historically, southern China was rich in grain while the northern China was often deficient due to the climate. The Chinese government ordered transport servicemen to ship grain by boat at their own expense from the south to the north, a distance of 2500 kilometers. The Qing Dynasty （1644 -1911） system of canal transportation servicemen evolved from the Ming Dynasty （1368 -1644） military garrison system and it had worked for several centuries. It was expensive, dangerous, and arduous work to transport grain and generation after generation of servicemen were obligated to perform this duty. Consequently, servicemen absconded in order to avoid the burden. Sometimes servicemen lodged false accusations against civilians, claiming the civilians were also servicemen, in order to lessen their burden. The government would usually support these accusations because of the importance of the canal transportation. This paper analyzes a lawsuit, which took place in Jishui County, Jiangxi province during the Kangxi reign （ 1662 - 1722） . The article explores the social, economic reasons for the lawsuit and also surveys the relationship between the government＇ s attitude toward the suit and the civilians ＇ response.