内蒙古自治区水权制度建设及其实践

Development and practice of water rights system in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古自治区资源富集,有建设大型能源基地的得天独厚的优势。但是,水资源的严重短缺,制约着能源产业的发展。另一方面,内蒙古的用水大户——农业用水,却存在着灌溉用水浪费严重、用水效率和效益低下的问题。为了解决这一对矛盾,内蒙古以水权理论为指导,由工业建设项目业主投资农业节水工程,把灌溉过程中渗漏蒸发的水量节约下来,通过水权转换,用到拟建能源项目的生产用水上来。在这一改革过程中,初始水权的明晰具有重要意义,内蒙古建立了黄河干流、黑河的初始水权分配方案,同时正在开展大凌河和霍林河的初始水权分配工作。

Inner Mongolia is endowed with abundant natural resources and has unique advantage to develop into a large energy base. However, severe water shortage has constrained development of energy industry. On the other hand, the largest water user in Inner Mongolia-agriculture has to face issues of tremendous waste of irrigation water and low water use effectiveness and efficiency. In order to solve the contradiction, Inner Mongolia Water Dept. has encouraged owner of industrial enterprise to invest in agricultural water conservation project with water rights theory as a guidance so that water leaking pipe and canal, infiltrating into earth and evaporating into air can be saved, substituted and utilized as production water for planned energy project. In the process, definition of water rights initiation is an important step. Inner Mongolia has worked out water rights initiation plan for the Yellow River and Heihe River and is undertaking primary water rights allocation in Dalinghe River and Huolin River.