人力资本、动态比较优势与发展中国家产业结构升级

Human Capital,Dynamic Comparative Advantages and the Upgrading of Industrial Structure of Developing Countries

本文在前人研究的基础上发展了一个动态比较优势模型研究人力资本与发展中国家产业结构升级的关系。与先前的文献不同,本文认为动态比较优势的核心是人力资本积累。人力资本一方面可作为一种要素投入用于各种经济活动,另一方面它又具有外部性,能够有效降低产品的生产成本,提高研发部门的效率,这种外部性是发展中国家培育自己动态比较优势的核心。只有人力资本水平的不断提高才能使发展中国家的比较优势向着有利于自己的方向演变,才能使发展中国家不断进入更高级的产业,实现经济增长和产业结构的升级。

This paper develops a dynamic comparative advantage model on the base of Dixit and Norman(1980), Krugman(1987),and Grossman and Helpman(1991b).We analyze the role of human capital in dynamic comparative advantage.On the one hand,human capital can serve as an input into production;on the other hand,it has its externality:human capital accumulation can enhance productivities of workers,lower production cost,and improve efficiency in the R&D sector.Thus,human capital is the core of dynamic comparative advan- tage in the long run.Hence,developing countries can accumulate human capital to build up their dynamic com- parative advantage,to improve their industrial structure,and to realize economic growth.