铜制剂及有机物料对土壤生化性状的影响

Effects of Copper Products and Organic Matter on Biochemical Characteristics of Soil

通过盆栽试验,研究了美国铜基杀菌剂K ocide2000(KCD)、新型波尔多液营养保护剂(BNPP)、传统波尔多液(BDM)、五水硫酸铜(CS)四种铜制剂及添加3%有机物料后对棕壤生化性质的影响。研究表明:铜制剂对土壤过氧化氢酶活性有刺激作用,而对脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均有显著抑制作用,尤以BDM对土壤酶活性的抑制率最强,高浓度处理下则未能检测出2种酶活性。施用铜制剂还显著影响了土壤的生物学指标,表现为土壤基础呼吸和代谢熵升高,微生物生物量碳降低。相关分析表明土壤的生物学指标和酶活性均与土壤有效铜呈显著性正相关或负相关。此外,铜制剂的施用增加了土壤中有效铜、锌(BDM除外)含量,而有效铁、锰含量降低。4种铜制剂中BDM对土壤生化性质的影响最大,其次是CS,BNPP与KCD对土壤的影响相当。增施有机物料可缓解铜制剂对土壤生物学和酶活性的影响,但能增加土壤有效态重金属的含量。

A potted-spinach experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four kinds of copper products, namely, Kocide2000 （KCD）, Bordeaux nutrition protective powder （BNPP）, Bordeaux mixture （BDM）, copper sulfate （CS） and organic matter on the soil quality. Results showed that soil catalase activity was stimulated by the copper products and the inhibition of urease and sucrase activities by copper products were also observed, especially declined significantly in the treatment of BDM, the two enzymes activities in high BDM treatment were not detected. Moreover, the biological indexes of soil were affected, basal respiration and metabolic quotients were increased, microbial carbon was declined. Correlation analyses indicated that there existed significant negative correlation and positive correlation between biological and enzyme activity and available Cu. Furthermore, the available Cu and Zn （besides BDM） were increased, whereas available contents of Fe, Mn were obviously lower than contrast; pH （besides CS） was increased, EC （besides BDM） was declined. The order of the four copper products based on their effects on soil biochemical characteristics was： BDM;CS;BNPP;KCD. The application of organic matter weakened the effects of copper products on biology and enzyme activities, but the available contents of heavy metal were improved.