精确灌溉与施肥自动化管理系统的研制与实现

Accurate to Irrigate and Apply Fertilizer Automatic Reseach of Administrative System and Realize

精准灌溉与施肥自动管理系统是利用人工智能技术,在收集气象资料和田间试验的基础上,依据农田水量平衡原理与作物目标产量及土壤养分状况、土壤类型、土壤墒情等资料信息,采用C语言编程而建立的。控制器以单片机为核心,高精度土壤水分探测仪、喷灌、施肥罐与控制器相连接,形成一个完整的土壤水分探头水分传感,控制器采集数据,通过人机对话与菜单选择相结合的方式,自动给出作物各生育期所需灌水量和施肥量,由控制器控制喷灌流量,自动完成灌溉施肥过程。系统可针对不同的作物、不同地域、不同时期的气候与作物生长状况,判断土壤储水量是否下降至作物灌水的下限指标,根据作物需肥量,精确确定灌溉和施肥量;系统在运行时,可以根据地块的宽度自动调节喷灌射程,还可根据地块面积划分为若干个小区,根据肥料的兼溶性,配制肥料,自动调节肥料的喷施浓度,喷施流量,实现自动精确灌溉施肥。系统可提供小麦、玉米、棉花等7种作物精准灌溉与施肥的决策实施方案,并具有良好的扩展性。

Based on collecting meteorological data and field test result, accurate irrigation and automatic control fertilization using the technology of artificial intelligence are compiled by language C, which according to water equilibrium principle, object yield of crop and information of fertility character and so on. The chip micro-comupter is the center of system controller. The high precision detector of soil moisture monitors, devices of soil moisture, irrigators and fertilizing tanks connect with the controller. So the intact control system is built. It can do many things, such as, gathering data, necessary rate of irrigation and fertilizer application to various crops in the period of growth, flow control of spray irrigation, accomplish irrigation and fertilization automatically by way of manmachine conversation and menu choice. According to different crop, different regions, climate and crop of different periods, the system can judge whether the amount of water stored of farmland and soil drops to the lower limit index that the crop and confirm quantity of irrigation and fertilization. In the end, irrigating and fertilizing can be finished automatically. The system can based on the width of field auto-adjust sprinkler pattern range and divide several microplot by the plot-area;it can adjust praying density and discharge of fertilizer based on compatibility of the fertilizer and allocating fertilizer which the system running. So automatic accurate irrigation and fertilization is realized. The system can offer seven corp decision-making actualize project of the accurate irrigation and fertilization such as the wheat, the corn, the cotton, et al. It has the favorable expansibility.