旱地冬小麦覆盖黑色液膜对土壤微生境及产量的影响

Influence of Black Fluid-Film Mulched Covered Winter Wheat in Dry Land on Soil Microhabitats and Yield

采用田间小区试验研究了黑色液膜覆盖旱地冬小麦对土壤微生境及产量的影响。在枯水年型条件下，在5，10cm土层中，黑色液膜处理抽穗期的日平均温度分别较对照高2．9℃，0．4℃；黑色液膜处理在10～20cm的土壤容重和0～20cm的平均总孔隙度分别较对照降低3．1％和增加1．90％；黑色液膜处理在小麦拔节～成熟期0～100cm土层的耗水量占全生育期0～200cm土层总耗水量的47．9％，水分利用效率达到0．78kg／m^3，较对照提高22．26％；黑色液膜处理较好地协调了旱地小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重，使产量达2188．5kg／hm^2，较对照增产17．95％。该项研究为旱地小麦覆盖材料开辟了新的领域。

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of black fluid-film mulched covered winter wheat in dry land on soil mierohabitats and yield. In dry year, the day mean temperature of black fluid-film treatment at heading stage were 2.9℃, 0. 4℃ higher respectively than that of the control in the 5 cm, 10 cm soil layer; The soil bulk density of black fluid-film treatment in the 10-20 cm was lower 3.1% than that of the control and the average total soil porosity of black fluid-film treatment in the 0-20 cm increased by 1.90% as compared with the control; the water consumption of black fluid-film treatment in the 0-100 cm soil layer at stage from jointing to maturation make up 47.9% of all water consumption throughout the growing season in the 0-200 cm soil layer, Water use efficiency reached 0.78 kg/m^3 which was 22.26% higher than that of the control. The black fluid-film treatment harmonized ear number, spike number and 1 000-seed weight of winter wheat in dry land, the yield reached 2 188.5 kg/hm^2 that increased by 17.95% as compared with the control. This study opens up a new area for mulching materials for dry land wheat.