鼠疫反向间接血凝试验与鼠疫细菌培养结果的对比分析

Plague diagnosis: reverse indirect hemagglutination assay versus bacteria culture

目的对比鼠疫反向间接血凝试验(RIHA)与鼠疫细菌培养的检菌结果,选择灵敏、简便、快速的鼠疫诊断方法。方法用鼠疫菌感染小鼠、大耳白兔、豚鼠,动物死亡后取肝、脾脏;大耳白兔死亡后,在室温(18～22℃)下自然腐败,并于第0、15、60天取脾脏;取人感染鼠疫尸体的肺脏;将上述样品同时进行RIHA和细菌培养,计算鼠疫菌阳性率,比较两种方法的检菌效果。结果动物和人被鼠疫菌感染后,鼠疫RIHA的阳性率(100％)明显高于细菌培养(87％);对腐败材料鼠疫菌的检测,RIHA诊断效果明显优越于细菌培养,尤其在菌培养阴性的情况下,仍能检查出鼠疫菌抗原(抗体滴度为1:102 400)。结论RIHA在鼠疫诊断中,具有敏感、简便和快速的特点,有助于及时确定疫源的存在和疫情的判定,在实际工作中便于应用和推广,希望早日成为鼠疫实验室诊断标准。

Objective To select a sensitive, simple and rapid method for diagnosing plague by comparing the results of reverse indirect hemagglutination assay （RIHA） with that of bacteria culture. Methods Mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were infected with Yersinia pestis and died, their liver and spleen were sampled. At room temperature （18 - 22℃）,the bodies of rabbit became decayed naturally, their spleen was sampled on 0,15, 60 days respectively. Meanwhile lung from human corpse infected Yersinia pestis was taken. All the samples mentioned above went on RIHA and bacteria culture at the same time, then the positive rate of Yersinia pestis was calculated to compare the effects of detecting Yersinia pestis. Results After infected with Yersinia pestis, the positive rate of Yersinia pestis from animal and human samples by RIHA （ 100% ） is obviously superior to that of bacteria culture （87%）. RIHA method was also obviously superior to that of bacteria culture in detecting decayed samples when Yersiniapestis culture showed negative, for it could detect the antigen of Yersiniapestis with an antibody titer of 1 ： 102 400. Conclusions RIHA, sensitive, simple and rapid in plague diagnosis, can make contribution to confirming the existence of plague and evaluating the plague prevalence. In practical work, It may become one of experimental criteria for early plague diagnosis.