药理毒理研究的吸入给药实验方法学研究进展

Recent development in experiment methodology for studies of inhaled drugs in pharmacology and toxicology

呼吸道是局部和全身输送药物的重要途径,由于吸入给药与口服给药相比具有治疗指数高、副作用小及能提高药物生物利用度,以及用药量少与输送效率高的优点而使呼吸道吸入给药成为评价吸入疗法药效和安全性的有效动物实验方法。近年来开发了适合小、大动物吸入给药的各种特殊装置,小鼠、大鼠和豚鼠等小动物与犬、猴和羊等大动物已成功地用于药理毒理学吸入给药的药效与安全性研究。新研制的试验装置和发展的新方法具有较多优点,该文简要介绍近年来吸入给药的实验方法学研究若干进展。

The respiratory route is an important approach for local and systemic delivery of drugs. The inhalation delivery of drugs to lung becomes a method when testing the efficacy and safety of these inhaled therapeutics in animal models, because of higher therapeutic index, lower side effect, and increasing bioavailability in inhalation compared with oral administration, as well as the low dose and high delivery efficiency. Recently, special devices were developed for in-haled drugs used for studies of pharmacodynamics and safety pharmacology in small or large animals, including mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, monkey and sheep. These new developed equipments and methods have many excellences. This paper reviewed the progress of methodology for inhaled drugs tested in small and large animals.