科学规范:类型与功能

The Categories and Functions of Norms of Science

在科学界、学术界不端行为屡屡出现的今天,科学规范的建构和完善已是当务之急。科学规范是指导和调控科学共同体成员行为的、具有普适性和长效性的指示或指示系统,也是评价科学活动和科学家行为的正当性、合理性的标准。根据科学规范调整的对象、科学活动的阶段或目标、科学家的权利和义务、科学规范的抽象程度或强弱程度,可以将科学规范分成七大类十六种调整科学活动中人与人之间关系的规范,调整科学活动中人与物之间关系的规范,调整科学活动中各种知识之间关系的规范;指导科学研究的规范,指导科学成果评价的规范,指导科学成果应用的规范;科学认知规范和科学伦理规范;实体性规范和程序性规范;权利性规范和义务性规范;科学原则与科学规则;提倡性规范和强制性规范等。

As misconduct has become a common occurrence in the academic and scientific circles today, it is of paramount importance to establish and improve the norm of science. The norm of science is a kind of instruction or system of instructions with universal applicability and enduring effect by which the conduct of members of community of science is guided and regulated, and it is also a standard with＇which we can determine the justice and rationality of scientists＇ activities. According to the objects regulated by the norms of science, the stages or goals of scientific activities, the rights and duties of scientists, and the degree of abstractness or strength of the norm of science, all norms of science can be classified into seven major categories and sixteen subcategories.