殖民地时代东亚萨满教研究的跨文化考察

On the Study of Shamanism in Colonial East Asia from the Perspective of Cross-culture

日本的萨满教研究与韩国民族主义者的萨满教研究,二者的分歧最终归因于两国学者各自所接受的历史任务不同,而不是因为材料本身的不同。日本学者把萨满教当作一种仪式活动来研究,而不是作为宗教来对待,从而强调萨满教的原始文化的性质。1920年代韩国民族主义者的萨满教研究体现了一种二律背反,国家主权乃韩国民族认同意识所系,主权的丧失却导致了人们重新审视民间传统宗教的价值。萨满教话语代表了韩民族的精神,这一观念在韩国很重要的一群民族主义知识人中打上了深刻的烙印。本文通过对韩国知识人和日本人类学者关于萨满教的研究,重新检视这一问题。

The dichotomy between the Japanese shamanic studies and the Korean nationalists＇ enterprise is due to more to the reception of the work of each than to the shamanic material itself. The Japanese treated shamanism as shamanic practices [fuzoku] rather than shamanic religion [satsumankyo] and emphasized the primitive nature of shamanism. The shamanic studies of Korean nationalists in the early colonial years illustrate well how the dilemma that the loss of sovereignty created for Korean national identity could lead to a reevaluation of Korean folk religion. The discourse of shamanism representing the essence of Korean people becomes firmly embedded among an important group of Korean nationalist scholars. This study will re-examine this issue through the shamanic studies conducted by the Korean intellectuals and Japanese anthropologists.