影响高速钢韧性的因素

Factors Affecting Toughness of High Speed Steels

分析了化学成分、冶炼方法、钢中碳化物和热处理工艺等因素对高速钢韧性的影响。结果表明:纯净度高、杂质元素含量低和夹杂物少的钢韧性较高;同一钢种随碳含量升高其韧性降低;在同一类型钢种中,通常W-Mo系钢的韧性优于W系钢;碳化物分布均匀、颗粒尺寸细小的钢韧性高,而碳化物分布不均匀、粗大角状碳化物多的钢韧性差;粉末高速钢的韧性显著优于常规方法生产的高速钢。热处理是影响高速钢韧性的另一个重要因素:随淬火温度升高,钢的韧性下降;回火温度较低和回火程度不充分时,也会显著降低钢的韧性。

Toughness is very important for high speed steel （HSS） which affects strongly the properties and life of cutting tools. Factors affecting toughness of HSS have been studied. The result showed that the toughness of HSS is influenced by chemical compositions, steelmaking method,s, inclusions, carbides and heat treatment. The tough hess increases under the condition of better purity and fewer inclusions and decreases with increasing C content for the same grade of steels. W-Mo type steels are better than W type in toughness. Distribution, grain size and shape of carbides are also important factors. The toughness of powder metallurgy HSS is remarkably better than conventional HSS. Heat treatment is also another important factor, and the toughness will decrease for higher hardening temperature and lower tempering temperature. Possible ways of improving the toughness are also discussed.