毛泽东对“三农”问题的探索及启示

The Research and Enlightenment of Mao Zedong's Theory on "San Nong" after the Founding of the P.R.C.

新中国成立后,毛泽东在借鉴苏联经验的基础上,对我国“三农”问题进行了艰苦的探索,他不仅充分肯定了农民在社会主义建设中的重要地位,做出了农业是国民经济基础的著名论断,提出了要按农、轻、重的顺序发展国民经济的战略方针,而且创造性地提出先合作化、后机械化、逐步实现农业现代化的社会主义农业发展新道路。同时,他高度关注农民的物质利益,强调要克服农村的两极分化,促进社会公平,使农民走共同富裕的道路。这些探索虽然在当时并未完全实现,但对于我们今天解决“三农”问题,建设社会主义新农村,促进社会和谐发展具有重要的启示。

Based on the experiences from Soviet Union, Mao Zedong did a deep investigation and research on ＂San Nong＂ （agriculture, countryside and farmer） issue after the founding of the P. R. C. On one hand, he affirmed the important roles of the farmers in the Socialist construction, and he also asserted the agriculture is the basis of national economy and the order of the agriculture, the light industry, the heavy industry as the developmental strategy for the national economy. On the other hand, he creatively proposed a new path for the agricultural development in Socialist countries, first, the farmers＇ eooperation, and then the sharing of the mechanization and gradually the modernization in agriculture. At the same time, he paid close attention to the farmers＇ material interest, emphasized to demolish the polarization in the countryside in order to promote the social justice and help the farmers to share a better life. At that time, these suggestions and researches didn＇t realize completely; but today they provide us the enlightenment in solving the problems in ＂San Nong＂, the construction of our new countryside and the promotion of the harmonious society.