近代中国民事习惯中的合会与互助会

The United Society and The Mutual Help Society in the Civil Habit of Modern China

合会是我国一种古老的民间信用互助方式。在银行信贷业及社会保障不发达的近代社会,这种组织长期广泛存在,其运作模式已经形成一整套民事习惯。近代合会因地域风俗习惯不同,呈现出组织形式的多样性和内容的丰富性。合会组织的广泛存在,是由近代中国社会发展自身需求所决定的。就实际情况而言,各种类型的合会组织,在近代社会整合和社会发展中,不同程度地起到了一定的积极作用。但由于这些合会均为民间自发组织,没有严格纳入法制轨道,操作中又存在许多不规范的地方,往往造成会员利益受损,引发纷争乃至诉讼。即便纯互帮互助性的组织,也往往因浓厚的人治色彩、规章制度不够严、经理人员管理失当,导致账目不清,运作中难免产生资金浪费和使用不公平等弊端。

The united society was an ancient credit mutual help mode in our country. In the modem society where the bank credit operation and social security are not developed, such societies long and widely exist, whose operating mode has formed a complete set of civil habit. Owing to the different local customs and habits, the modem united society appears multiple organism forms and rich contents. The extensive existence of united society organism is determined by the self - requirement of the Chinese social development in modem times. As far as the real condition is concerned, in the course of modem social reorganization and development, various types of united societies have played certain active pans. But because such societies are all the spontaneous organisms among the people without strictly listing into the legal system, many abnormal operations of them often harm the interest of their members and lead to lawsuit cases. Even in the pure mutual help society organisms it is often unavoidable to produce such abuses as the fund being wasted and unfair used owing to the dense personal management color, not strict rules and regulations, improper managements leading to chaos of accounts.