国内外水资源承载力的研究综述

Literature Review on Water Carrying Capacity

随着能源危机的出现,资源环境问题逐渐成为各国经济学家和环境学家特别关注的问题。近年来,水资源短缺越来越成为各地经济发展的制约因素,面对这种情况,资源承载力概念的提出为资源与经济发展问题提供了一条新的研究途径。本文将国内外有关水资源承载力概念和量化方法的研究作一总体分析,结果表明:(1)国外对水资源承载力的研究较少,国内的研究大体可分为初始、发展、鼎盛和拓展四个阶段;(2)从横向比较来看,水资源承载力的研究在我国以近十年为盛。但研究多集中在资源学科领域和地理环境学科领域,角度大多是综合考虑多方面的影响因素,对一个地区的水资源承载力作出系统评价,并借助可持续发展的思想,应用已有的和创新的方法来解决水资源承载力的问题;(3)水资源承载力的研究在一定程度上是土地资源承载力研究的进步;(4)水资源承载力的研究较少考虑环境污染对水资源承载力以及整个社会系统的影响。在此基础上,本文最后对承载力在自然资源方面的研究作了小结和展望。

Resources and environment have been hot issues for scholars with the advent of energy crisis.The notion of resource carrying capacity provides a new research stream.This article surveys the definitions and quantitative methods for water carrying capacity.Our results are summarized as follows.(1) More domestic researches are found.(2) More researches are found in the last decade which focuses on resources and geography.(3) Researches on water carrying capacity are based on those on land resource carrying capacity.(4) Lack of pollution consideration in social system characterizes the problem on water carrying capacity researches.Based on the above recognitions,this article proposes future research orientations on resource carrying capacity.