植物非生物胁迫应答的分子机制

Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

非生物胁迫因子是制约植物生长发育、影响作物产量和质量的关键因子。这些非生物胁迫的共同点是它们都会导致植物细胞缺水,使细胞的水分平衡紊乱,还可以引起蛋白质等大分子变性,破坏植物细胞内的膜结构等。为了生存,植物在遇到非生物胁迫时不得不在形态和生理生化代谢上进行一些调整,以适应或忍耐环境胁迫。揭示植物胁迫应答分子机理是人们长期以来探索的重大课题。非生物胁迫引起的应答非常复杂并且常常相互关联,干旱、高盐、低温等胁迫可以引起相似的应答反映,如积累大量的渗透调节剂、重建细胞内离子动态平衡、修复被破坏的膜系统、清除活性氧自由基等等。近年来,胁迫应答的分子机理研究成果颇丰,结合笔者等的研究,本文简要进行了综述。

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stress are limited factors in plant growth and development. Abiotic stress leads to a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect plant growth and productivity. Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures and oxidative stress are often interconnected, and may in- duce similar cellular damage. For example, stresses are commonly resulting in the disruption of water homeostasis and ion distribution in the cell, and resulting the protein denatured and membrane de- stroyed. So, it is a long-term goal to reveal the molecular mechanisms. The complexity of the plant response to abiotic stress involving stresses signaling, transcriptional control, protection of mem- branes, stability regulation of proteins, and free radical scavenging. Recently, research into this field has got prodigious progress; this is review examines the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to abiotic stresses.