汉日程度副词“比较”「比較的」对比略论

A comparative analysis of the adverbs of degree in Chinese and Japanese: "bijiao" & "hikakuteki"

“比较”、「比較的」分别是汉语和日语中的程度副词,其功能是对程度加以比较。在比较事物时,以是否依据客观标准、主观标准,着眼于性质、状态的比较这方面,二者是完全相同的。在负面评价方面,“比较”和「比較的」的修饰范围不同,“比较”虽有一定的限度,但范围比「比較的」要大,这是两者的主要区别。在程度和模糊量词方面,“比较”、「比較的」是允许和数量词共用的。在否定命题方面,“比较”多修饰形容词,但多修饰肯定形式,不太修饰否定形式;「比較的」除了肯定命题以外也可以参与否定命题,以比较肯定性程度和否定性程度。

＂Bijiao＂ and ＂hikakuteki＂ are adverbs of degree in Chinese and Japanese respectively. They serve to compare the degrees between different objects. They have similarities and also differences. Whether to abide by a certain objective or subjective criteria or not, these two words are the same. Besides, they both can be used to make comparisons regarding the quality and state. However, when they are used to make negative comparisons , they are different： ＂bijiao＂ is restricted in some way, but it covers a larger area than ＂hikakuteki＂. This is the primary difference between them. Both ＂bijiao＂ and ＂hikakuteki＂ can modify indefinite quantifiers. ＂bijiao＂ is often used to modify a positive adjective, while ＂hikakuteki＂ can be used to modify both positive and negative statements.