西方哲学和儒学双重视野中的心理咨询实践

The Practice of Psychological Counseling from the Perspectives of Western Philosophy and Confucianism

目前我国心理咨询实践所借助的心理咨询理论多源于西方,故受西方哲学影响甚深。其实,对于心理咨询实践中的某些根本性问题,比如对人的生命本质、人自身、身心关系等方面的认识,无论是西方哲学还是中国传统哲学之重要组成部分的儒学,皆有各自的见解和论述。儒学既尊重生命的“求强”意志,又强调“求强”之中的和谐。儒学重视人的整体存在与个体生命的具体生成过程,注重人的主动性和人对命运的自我把握。从儒学本身看,它始终认可原始的身心合一论与当代的身心交互作用论。从比较文化的视角看,西方哲学和中国儒学都与我国的心理咨询实践有内在关联性,而儒学更为贴近中国人的文化传统、生活实际和心理实际。国内心理咨询的实践既需要借鉴西方哲学思想更需要借鉴中国的儒学精髓。

The counseling theories employed presently in Chinese counseling practice are mainly originated in the West, and they must have been influenced by the Western philosophy. Both of the Western philosophy and Confucianism, an important part of Chinese traditional philosophy, have their own ideas and demonstrations about some fundamental issues such as the nature of human life, haman per se and relationship between body and mind. Confucianism does not only respects the will of ＂struggling for strong＂ of life but also emphasizes the harmony in it. Confucianism focuses on the whole being of person, continuous renewing and growth, believes in activeness and self-controlling destiny of person. A process of from a primitive Body - Mind in One to Body-Mind Interaction was witnessed and recognized by the development of Confucianism. The inner relation of Chinese practice of psychological counseling to both of the Western philosophy and Confucianism are demonstrated, and the latter is closer to Chinese cultural tradition, lives and mental realities. Chinese practice of counseling needs to refer more Confucianism rather than the Western philosophy.