沈阳城市森林主要树种叶片形态生态特征与生长规律

Morphological-ecological characters and growth patterns of main tree species leaves in urban forest of Shenyang.

利用统计和多元分析方法研究了沈阳城市森林10个主要树种叶片的形态生态特征和生长规律.结果表明,影响树木叶片生长发育节律的主要气象因子是≥5℃积温、累积日照时数和各物候期中旬平均温度.不同物候期树木所需要的气象因子有所变化,树木萌动期要求低温和寒冷指数,而在生长期需要一定的温暖指数和湿润指数.10个树种的叶片形态数量特征差异较大,按叶形指数依次为短序胡枝子>华北丁香>国槐>银白杨>红瑞木>金银忍冬>水腊>水曲柳>稠李>黄菠萝;按叶面积依次为华北丁香>银白杨>黄菠萝>稠李>水曲柳>红瑞木>短序胡枝子>金银忍冬>国槐>水腊.在10个树种叶长度与宽度、周长、叶面积之间相互关系中,基本属于异速生长类型,符合y=axk模型,但在叶长度与宽度之间关系中,除银白杨k>1外,其它9个树种均k<1;在叶长度与周长关系中,黄菠萝k>1,银白杨k≈1,呈线性关系,其它树种均k<1;在叶长度与叶面积关系中,10个树种k>1,而银白杨k=2·1028,叶面积增长速率近似于叶长的2倍.建立了10个树种的叶面积最优回归估测模型,并对模型进行了估测检验.

The study with statistic and multivariate analyses showed that the main meteorological factors affecting the growth and development rhythms of main tree species leaves in urban forest of Shenyang were ≥5℃ accumulated temperature, accumulated sunshine hours, and mean temperature in the middle ten days of each phenological period. The meteorological factors heeded by the tree species varied with their phenological period. Necessary low temperature and Cl were required in germination period, and suitahle WI and HI were needed in the growth period. The major quantitative morphological characters of 10 tree species in Shenyang urban forest were displayed in their leaf morphology and size, which decreased in the sequence of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya 〉 Syringa oblata 〉 Sophora japonica 〉 Populus alba 〉 Comus alba 〉 Lonicera maackii 〉 Ligustrum obtusifolium, 〉 Fraxinus mandshurica 〉 Prunus padus 〉 Phellodondron amurense. As tot the leaf area, it was decreased in the order of S. oblata 〉 P. alba 〉 P. amurense 〉 P. padus 〉 F. mandshurica 〉 C. alba 〉 L. eyrtobotrya 〉 L. maackii 〉 S. japonica 〉 L. obtusifolium. The relationships of leaf length with leaf width, perimeter and area accorded with the model of y=αx^k, and the growth trend belonged to allomelic type. The k value between leaf leagth and width of all test tree species except P. alba was lower than 1, and that between leaf length and perimeter was 〉 1 tor P. amuresne, ≈1 for P. alba, and 〈 1 for other tree species. As for the k value between leaf length and area, it was 〉 1 for all the tree species, with that of P. alba being 2. 1028. The increasing rate of leaf area was about 2 times higher than that of leaf length. An optimum regression assessment model of the 10 tree species leaf area was built and tested.