人类工程活动对青藏高原北部多年冻土融化层及其环境的影响

Effects of human engineering activities on permafrost active layer and its environment in northern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.

人类工程活动对多年冻土环境的影响是评价人类工程活动对冻土生态系统影响的重要组成部分.以修建青藏公路时的工程干扰带与非干扰带为对比,研究了人类工程活动对多年冻土环境及其融化层的影响.结果表明,干扰带的融化层厚度比非干扰带要小,在非工程干扰带内,融化层厚度随海拔高度的升高,总体上呈下降趋势;而在工程干扰带内,融化层厚度随海拔高度的变化无规律可循.植被类型对冻土融化层厚度的影响表现为:草原>灌丛>草甸.干扰带和非干扰带的土壤含水量垂直分布格局主要受海拔高度的影响,在海拔接近时,受植被状况的影响.人类工程活动对地温的影响表现为干扰带温度低于非干扰带温度.

With disturbed and undisturbed belts during the construction of Qinghai-Tibet highway as test objectives, this paper studied the effects of human engineering activities on the permafrost ecosystem in northern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The results showed that the thickness of permafrost active layer was smaller in disturbed than in undisturbed belt, and decreased with increasing altitude in undisturbed belt while no definite pattern was observed in disturbed belt. Different vegetation types had different effects on the thickness of permafrost active layer, being decreased in the order of steppe 〉 shrub 〉 meadow. In the two belts, altitude was the main factor affecting the vertical distribution of soil moisture, but vegetation type was also an important affecting factor if the altitude was similar. Due to the human engineering activities, soil temperature in summer was lower in disturbed than in undisturbed belt.