转向冲击墩水力计算与模型试验

Hydraulic design and model test for impact-type energy dissipator

阐述了转向冲击墩挑流消能装置的水力计算方法,包括冲击墩附近流场的平面几何关系、与来流弗劳德数相应的允许最大转角、冲击波前后的水深比、波角和作用在转向冲击墩上的动水压力.所有这些计算都考虑了波后非静水压力分布的影响.介绍了某水库非常溢洪道末端转向冲击墩的具体布置方案,它包括3个转向冲击墩(长14.4 m、高22.0 m、厚2.5m),相应的水力模型试验结果表明所设计的转向冲击墩具有良好的水力特性,所给的水力计算方法是适用的.

The hydraulic design method for the impact-type energy dissipator is explained. It includes the plane geometry of flow field near the impact pier, the maximum deflection angle corresponding to the Froude number of coming flow, the ratio of the down-stream flow depth to the upstream flow depth of the shock front, the shock angle and the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the impact pier. The effect of non-hydrostatic pressure distribution downstream of the shock front is taken into account. A scheme with three concrete piers as the impact-type energy dissipator at the terminal apron of a spillway is also introduced. These impact blocks are 14.4 m in length, 22 m in height and 2. 5 m in thickness. A hydraulic model test has been conducted and the test results show that the impact-type energy dissipator has an excellent hydraulic characteristics and the design method proposed is applicable.