席勒的审美乌托邦及其现代批判

Schiller's Aesthetic Utopia and Its Modern Criticism

席勒美学虽在今天仍赢得人们普遍的赞誉,然而其思想只不过提出了一个审美乌托邦而已。席勒的“自由的游戏”将“自由”与“欲求”和“目的”对立,提供了虚假的自由幻象和不能治疗社会疾病的药方。他的两个冲动说是一种典型的二元论,只是先将原本统一的世界割裂开,再试图将它们缝合。他依赖教育,并主张从外部引进教育者的思想,回避了制度改造的根本性作用。只有社会的和谐才是通向人性和谐之途。批判地阅读席勒的著作,会从反面给我们提供许多理论建构的有益资源。

Though Schiller＇s aesthetics is universally appreciated today, this paper argues that what he did was no more than to provide a Utopia in aesthetic sense. Schiller＇ s ＂free play＂ puts ＂freedom＂ in opposition to ＂ desire＂ or ＂end,＂ providing a false illusion of freedom and a remedy for incurable social diseases. And his view of two drives is a typical dualism, which separates the world which was originally unified into two parts and then tries to patch the parts together. He relied on education to reform society and advocated to introduce educator from outside, but avoided the basic function of institutional transformation. In fact, only a social harmony can lead to harmony of human nature. In this sense, a critical reading of Schiller＇ s works will certainly offer us some beneficial resources of theoretical considerations.