少数民族习惯法在森林环境保护中的作用——以贵州苗族侗族风俗习惯为例

The Effect of the Ethnic Minority Customs in Forest Environment Conservation——Some examples from the Miao and the Dong groups in Guizhou

贵州是一个山川秀丽、少数民族众多的内陆山区省,境内至今仍保留有许多原始森林,有“天然公园”之美称。而这些原始森林能得以保存却得力于当地的一些少数民族习惯,这是不争的事实。笔者以为,尽管现代社会制定了许多生态环境保护性法律法规,但从保持生态环境的原始性和社会经济发展的地域性、人类社会的人本性以及人的意识无限性和认识能力的有限性来看,充满现代元素的国家制定法无法完全达到使这些地区的生态环境持续发展的目的,而习惯法却能发挥功效,这亦为少数民族地区生态环境发展历史所验证。

Guizhou is an inland and mountain province in China, which has beautiful landscapes and multitudinous minorities. Up to now,there are still many intact jungles. Therefore,it has been awarded the good name of ＂the inartificial park＂. Without question ,the good conservation of these jungles results from the effect of many local minority customs. In this paper, the writer holds that though there are many environment conservation statutes in the modem society, they cannot fulfill the task of continual development of environment in these areas in view of the certain features of conserving the originality of the environment, the locality of the economic and social development,the humanity of the society, the infinity of human consciousness and the finity of human cognition. However,it can be fulfilled better with the traditionally existing customary practice. This can be observed in the history of environment development in the minority areas.