华北沦陷区粮食的生产与流通

On Grain Production and Circulation in the Occupied Zones by Japan in North China

抗日战争时期,日伪特别重视对华北沦陷区粮食的掠夺。尽管在太平洋战争爆发前更重视棉花的增产,但除日伪强力推行植棉的地区外,华北沦陷区的农民仍以种植粮食作为农耕的第一选择。日本的军事侵略及统治,严重破坏了农村的农业生产力,粮食的播种面积及单产量都比七七事变前减少,粮食的流通渠道、机构、方向、手段等都受到了影响。粮食流通的初级市场———集市减少,农民多在自家庭院卖给前来收购的小贩;一些粮栈或货栈成为日本商社的收购人;大城市粮栈的运输职能丧失;一些粮食集散市场的中转职能改变;铁路、卡车及牲畜运输量的增加,也从一个侧面反映了日伪交通统制的重点和薄弱环节所在。

During China＇s Resistance War against Japan, Japan and the puppet regime attached special importance to plundering grain in the occupied zones in North China Grain planting was still the first choice for farmers in the occupied zones in North China except the areas where cotton planting was enforced by Japan and the puppets, even though they had made special efforts to increase cotton production before the Pacific War. However, Japan＇s military invasion and reign after the Marco Polo Bridge incident had grievously undermined the rural productivity, so that both the size and unit outcome of grain planting decreased; the channels, institutes, directions and ways of grain circulation were af- fected as well. Bazaars as the primary markets for grain circulation were reduced to the extent that farmers had to sell their grain products to mongers only at the door of their houses. Some grain supply warehouses became the purchase agents of Japanese merchant institutes. Grain supply centers in big cities had lost their functions for transport; some grain terminal markets no longer played their transhift roles. Also, increase in traffic streams by trains, trucks or animals had on one side suggested the focus and the weakness of traffic control by Japan and the puppets.